The Nazi Anti-Jewish Policy - 1115 Words

Many Germans could accept the fact that their country’s defeat in WWI whereas they argued that â€Å"backstabbing† of the Jews and the weaknesses from the beginning caused the front to collapse. They claimed that the Jews caused the spread of defeatism hence destroying the German army. The Germans argued that the Weimar Republic’s democracy was a government that had been constrain on Germany and not suited for the German way of life. They obeyed the Treaty of Versailles and paid reparations as revenge from the victors of WWI. This frustration caused the growth of right-wing groups in Germany such as the Nazi Party. Hitler attracted many Germans that wanted it change through his powerful speaking. He persuaded everyone a better life and a better and prosperous Germany. In 1923 while Hitler was imprisoned, he wrote his book â€Å"Mein Kampf† (My Struggle) which expressed his ideas about radical theory and Nazi dominion. He realized that he must apply legitimate democracy in his struggle to seize power. The Nazi party was mostly liked by the lower middle class, the employed, and the young people. This party rose to power rapidly. Before the economic depression occurred, the Nazi party was unknown, winning only 3 percent of the vote to the German parliament in the 1924 election. But in the 1932 election, the Nazi party won 33 percent which was more than any of the other parties. By January 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor which gave him the job of beingShow MoreRelatedNazi Policies Towards Jews Were Brutal but Erratic Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesNazi Poli cies Towards Jews Were Brutal but Erratic In the years after the Machtergreifung in 1933, German Jews were subject to fluctuation levels of violence and intimidation at the hands of the Nazi Party and its supporters. The variations in intensity were the result of a number of factors including the occasion of the Berlin Olympics, and internal rivalries in the Nazi party about the best way to proceed with Anti-Semitic policy. ‘Brutal’ is defined in the OxfordRead More Jewish Reactions to the Holocaust: A Learned Behavior Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesJewish Reactions to the Holocaust: A Learned Behavior When thinking of Jewish persecution, images of Nazi Germany, concentration camps, and the Holocaust are most likely to be conjured. Although these images do represent the attempted destruction of the Jews, persecution actually began thousands of years earlier. The Holocaust, or Final Solution, which was the destruction of European Jews by the Nazis, was the culmination of attempts by other groups to eradicate Jews from their society.1 ReactingRead MoreHitler s Ideology And The Nazi Bureaucracy1674 Words   |  7 Pagesmillions of Jewish people across Europe. 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Using the race as practical scapegoats, Hitler began dictating ideologies of German nationalism and anti-Semitism through speeches - delivered to the like-minded individuals of the German Workers Party (later, the Nazi Party) - and later through his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf. Then, upon assuming leadership of the nation in 1933, he and Nazi followers systematically introduced an array of anti-SemiticRead MoreTargeting Jews for Genocide Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Genocide When discussing The Holocaust, our minds tend to jump straight to the genocide of the Jewish populations of Europe. This is because of the approximate 11 million people killed during The Holocaust; roughly 6 million of them were Jews. Many people are now left to wonder why Hitler and the Nazi Party specifically targeted the Jews for genocide. The main reason was because the Nazi Party took the idea of nationalism to an extreme, new level. Hitler also thought the Jews were responsibleRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles At The Completion Of World War1407 Words   |  6 Pagesand his anti-Semitic views falsely led him to accuse the Jews of Germany’s problems. Using the race as practical scapegoats, Hitler began dictating ideologies of German nationalism and anti-Semitism through speeches - delivered to the like-minded individuals of the German Workers Party (later, the Nazi Party) - and later through his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf. Then, upon assuming leadership of t he nation in 1933, he and Nazi followers systematically introduced an array of anti-Semitic

Northern Renaissance Paper Free Essays

string(79) " young boy whom he loved and waited with great anticipation to watch him grow\." In the middle of the fourteenth century a cultural transformation took place, this transformation was initiated by Italy and was called Renaissance. It separated the Middle Ages from the New Modern Age and is where Humanism and Reformation blossomed. Portraiture became a huge part of the Renaissance Era and artists became intrigued in trying new and unique styles. We will write a custom essay sample on Northern Renaissance Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now During most of the fourteenth century, only royalty had portraits made because they required status and wealth. A portrait is typically defined as a representation of a specific individual. A portrait does not merely record someone’s features, but something about whom he or she is, offering a sense of a real person’s presence. Royal Portraiture is especially unique because it has to show the status and wealth of the ruler and appeal to many. The traditions of portraiture extend back to ancient Greece and Rome, but change every century to new styles by being tweaked slightly every so often. New artists are always testing out new ways to spice up an old style of art and were willing to try slightly new and tweaked styles of painting. Portraits of Rulers became popular to assert their majesty in places from which they were absent. Many rulers ruled more than one area of land and had a broad area of land that they looked after and could not be everywhere at once. Most rulers would travel around their land constantly, but there was always still an absence when they were not around. Portraits became a way of allowing these rulers to show that they are present even if they are not physically there. Many churches would have paintings or sculptures so that even when the rulers were not around, the community could see an image of their ruler. In addition to recording appearance, portraits had social and practical functions as well. Portraiture was a way for the royals to show their lavishness, which in turn showed their dignity as a ruler. Royals had a way of wanting to flaunt their status and were able to do this through portraiture. The Portrait of John the Good by Girard d’Orleans, was important because it showed the significance of having a portrait made. This was the first profile in Northern Renaissance Art and signified a rebirth beginning. The side profile for a portrait was typical of Antique coins and medals. This new style of portrait painting emphasized the empirical. John the Good resembles Jesus in his portrait and has a â€Å"God-Like† feature. Hans Holbein did a considerable amount of Travelling throughout Europe. He was primarily a court painter, and was employed by Henry VIII and did many portraits for him. He paid special attention to portraying likeness, which was very important for royalty. His work is rich in detail. Part of why portraiture was so appealing to royals was because it could do more than show what a person looked like. It could show how a person looks powerful and unapproachable which is shown in Henry VII. It could also show vulnerability or a way to be relatable to the viewer. Showing that a ruler was scholarly along with worldly was important and in Ghent’s Duke Federigo of Urbino and his son Guidobaldo the importance is shown. Federigo the scholar, is reading from a manuscript displaying his worldly success. His military prowess is evident with his armor showing. Frontal portraiture was more common and traditional among artists for portraits. One example of this is Jean Fouquet’s portrait Charles VII. This portrait is interesting because the bust of Charles is abnormally large compared to his face. His bust is actually life-size, but the rest of his body seems as though it isn’t proportional. Charles seems stern and sad, which is not typically what a royal portrait looks like. Royalty typically want to give off the impression that they are powerful, tough and wealthy but Charles show a sad and vulnerable side, yet still showing sternness with his bust pushed out and large. Royalty art showed a lot of realism. Many rulers were not afraid to show themselves just the way they were. The art was extravagant and showed the rulers status, but kept them very real. In Jean Malouel’s Portrait of Philip the Bold, there is a sense of descriptive realism. The portrait is not beautiful, it shows warts and all, but at the same time it shows the exquisite detail of the fur and of the jewels, which was so important for rulers to show in order to show their status and wealth Hans Holbein the Younger did a variety of portraits for Henry VIII. All are beautiful and extravagant portraits. Henry VIII has beautiful vivid colors and the hat and cloaks show status and wealth. The attention to detail and realism of the painting is common in royalty art. The portrait is close and has little room for anything but Henry VIII. He is the center of attention and is the only thing to look at in the portrait. The broadness of his chest and the size of his forearms are a show of power and strength. Henry VIII is the only thing to look at it. He is confronting you and making it so that he is the only thing to look at, there is no way to ignore him. This occurs again in other portraits in the past and the future. Another Hans Holbein portrait shows Edward VI as a Child in the same bright rich clothing that his father Henry VIII is wearing in his portraits. Edward takes up a majority of the image and this portrait most likely had a great significance to Henry VIII. The bottom of the portrait has writing saying how great Edward will be when he grows up. This portrait was most likely a gift to Henry VIII that he cherished. It shows the wealth and status of his young boy whom he loved and waited with great anticipation to watch him grow. You read "Northern Renaissance Paper" in category "Papers" The significance of the degree of the face looking at the viewer changed frequently. There were times that the side profile gave the idea that Royals were â€Å"Holy† or spiritual. At times, the full frontal portrait gave the look of power and sternness, something rulers wanted to portray. There was also the forty-five degree angle portrait. This angle is a worldly and thoughtful portrait. It gives off the impression that the ruler in the portrait is in thought and is not looking directly at someone else, nor are they looking directly at the viewer. An example of the forty-five degree angle portrait is Bernard van Orley’s Portrait of Charles. This, along with Jean Perreal’s Portrait of Louis XII are examples of this portraiture. Both rulers are neither looking at someone else, nor the viewer which is the introduction to a new style of portraiture. The few tapestries in the exhibit show the royals in their lives. Attention to detail in these tapestries is exquisite. Vivid deep colors in these exhibits show the status of the royals, a commonality between all royal Art. The deep gold colors are a way of showing wealth. All of the colors in the exhibits are so deep and vivid, with attention to the shading in the background and the outline in some of the different portraits. The attention to detail in every royal renaissance art is beautiful. Realism and Humanism in the portraits is very clear with how realistic the rulers look. The details down to the hair, fur, and jewels are extremely fine, never leaving even a single detail out to ensure that it has the quality of looking at someone in person. Overall, Royalty in Northern Renaissance Art is broad and unique. Some rulers wanted to be depicted as strong, powerful and unapproachable. Others wanted to be seen as spiritual and almost â€Å"God-like†. Some rulers only have portraits done of their upper body, some of only their face, and some rulers had their entire bodies painted into their portraits. All of these rulers and their artists felt that the way they were painted would be how they were depicted by the world and chose the style accordingly. 1. Girard d’Orleans Portrait of John the Good Before 1356, Musee du Louvre, Paris. John the Good had a court painter, Girard d’Orleans who accompanied him during his travels and time in England. This artist painted the King’s portrait on a canvas type panel. This painting is a clear indication of a new type of painting at the time, the profile portrait. The importance of this portrait is the outlining of John the Good’s face. It is questioned whether or not it was intended to give the king a magical or spiritual essence. John the Good’s portrait looks like it could be a portrait of Jesus. It is also argued that it is just the first example in a long line of portraits that had a state function. 2. Jean de Liege Charles V, 1375-80. Musee de Louvre, Paris. 3. Nicolas Bataille King Arthur, Tapestry Series of the Nine Worthies 1385. The metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 4. Jean Malouel Portrait of Philip the Bold, 1400. Musee National du Chateau de Versailles. . Dieric Bouts Justice of Emperor Otto III 1470-75. Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie, Brussels. After Dieric Bouts was appointed city painter in 1468, he received two important commissions. One of those was the Justice of Emperor Otto III. Bouts’ advisor ordered this rather gruesome example of justice. Take note how many of the bystanders in the painting appear to be portraits. These small portraits within a painting sho w the beginning of group portraiture that was then followed by Netherlandish painters for two centuries. Bouts combined a rigid and mechanical regimentation of single portraits placed to the side of the narrative scene. Members of Bouts’ workshop finished this panel after he died. 6. Joos Van Ghent Duke Federigo of Urbino and his Son Guidobaldo 1475. Galleria della Marche, Urbino. Duke Federigo aspired to be understood as well as a powerful leader. In this portrait, the duke of Urbino is clothed in armor and his ducal mantle. Federigo’s son is at his side, which shows that Federigo is advancing him as his rightful successor. This portrait displays Federigo’s military prowess, his political authority and his humanist learning. Although most portraits are frontal to imply hierarchical power, this portrait however is not frontal because when he was young he lost an eye and nose. To conceal this disfigurement, Duke Federigo was always show in his left profile. 7. Jean Fouquet Portrait of Charles VII After 1451. Musee du Louvre, Paris. In the Portrait of Charles VII, the bust on Charles appears to be life-size. His heavy doublet is dark claret with fur trim. Fur and fancy clothing is a way of showing your social class, only the wealthy and essentially only the royals can afford the furs and typically show them off in portraits. Charles is tawny and ruddy in complexion and with a sad expression on his face, not exactly what you would expect a royal to show in a portrait. It is generally assumed that the portrait commemorates the Treaty of Arras as a victory of the monarchy. 8. Monument to Philippe Pot 1480. Musee du Louvre, Paris. This monument is a part of the tradition of Burgundian funeral art. Philippe Pot was a Lord of Burgundy. The detail of the tomb is a way of showing the status of the Lord. The realism of the ceremonial spectable is vividly presented to the viewers with the hooded figures, life size, and marching in solemn procession. These figures whose heads are hidden and are inclined in prayer show the mourning of their Lord. The mourners can only be identified by the coat of arms on their habits. The traditions of the past are being reshaped for another age in French art. 9. Jean Perreal, Portrait of Louis XII 1512-1514. Royal Collections, Windsor Castle. 10. Albrecht Durer Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony 1496. Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. 11. Lucas Cranach the Elder Duke Henry the Pious of Saxony 1514. Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstmuseam, Dresden. Duke Henry stands proudly in this portrait with arms akimbo and his leg turned out awkwardly. His wealth and status shows with what he is wearing. He is in a stunning costume with a bright red suit and stockings under a dark green cloak, both garments are slashed to reveal the rich gold lining. The Duke is giving the viewer a stern state as he grasps his long sword showing his symbol of power and rank. It is interesting that this is a full body portrait. You will notice that is resembles the Arnolfini Wedding. This panel goes along with the Duchess Catherine of Saxony. 12. Lucas Cranach the Elder Duchess Catherine of Saxony 1514. Gemaldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstmuseam, Dresden. 13. Hans Burgkmair Emperor Maximilian on Horseback 1508. Clarence Buckingham Collection, Art Institute, Chicago. Burgkmair had a ready patron in the Emperor because Emperor Maximilian sought to have his likeness and politics circulated in visual form throughout the Holy Roman Empire. This print of Maximilian was the first major print experiment in colored printmaking. Maximilian was willing to experiment because of is urge to get his name and likeness out to everyone that he could. This ceremonial picture shows a strong profile image of the mounted emperor on an ideal horse underneath a well-understood triumphal arch, redolent of both the military success and the Roman imperial rank claimed by the commander. 14. Hans Holbein the Younger Henry VIII 1539-40. Galleria Nazionale, Rome. 15. Hans Holbein the Younger Henry VIII, His Father Henry VII, and Their Wives 1537. National Portrait Gallery, London. 16. Hans Holbein the Younger Edward VI as a Child 1538. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. Edward VI was Henry’s prized son. Holbein executed at least two portraits of him for Henry while Henry watched Edward grow with great anticipation. In this portrait Edward is only about two years old but looks healthy and resembles his fat-faced father. This was most likely a present for Henry. The inscription on the portrait most likely greatly pleased Henry. It says that if Edward imitates Henry he can be the heir of the throne. It says that you only equal the acts of your parent and that if you surpass your father, then you have surpassed all the kings of the world and then none will ever surpass you. 17. Lucas Horenbout Henry VIII 1525-36. Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. This portrait is unique because it is showing Henry VIII in a three-quarter pose and beardless, which was not typical for Henry VIII. It is also just a shoulder-length portrait against a plain blue background, there is no special shading or dark background to show status. Its diminutive size and polished technique on a vellum support soon became hallmarks of this pictorial genre. This type of genre was quickly adopted by Holbein and also took deep root in England, home to generations of specialist miniature painters well into the nineteenth century. 18. Bernard van Orley Portrait of Charles V 1516. Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest. 19. 18th century copy. John the Good and Clement VI or Urban, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 20. Parisian miniaturist of the late 14th century. The Banquet of Charles IV of France in Paris, from Les Grandes Chroniques de France. 1375-79. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 21. Antonis Mor. Fernando Alvarez de Toledo. 1549. Hispanic Society of America, New York. This portrait is a splendid example of Antonis Mor’s achievements in aristocratic portraiture. Mor created his own type of court portraiture, which became widely imitated in the second half of the half-century. Mor painted with unflinching objectivity, but the noblemen that he painted like Fernando are more than very important people. These portraits were not meant for our eyes but instead for the eyes of Fernando’s peers at court. This portrait is a statement of high status as cultivated products. Mor’s portraits display a singular superiority among men, but they still remain distinct individuals and don’t become idealized types. 22. Antonis Mor. Portrait of Mary Tudor. 1554. The Prado, Madrid. 23. Rogier van der Weyden. Isabel of Portugal. Mid 1400s. J. Paul Getty Museum. 24. Antonis Mor. Catherine of Austria. 1552. Prado, Madrid. 25. Jean Bondol. Portrait of Louis II, Duke of Anjou. 1412-15. Cabinet des Estampes, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Charles M. Rosenberg, The Court Cities of Northern Italy. New York, NY. 2010. 334-337. [ 2 ]. Richard Vaughan, Philip the Bold. Longman, London and New York. 1962. 188-208. [ 3 ]. Alison Weir, Henry VIII: The king and his Court. New York, NY. 2001. 260-264 [ 4 ]. Greg Walker, The Private Life of Henry VIII. London and New York. 2003. 11-26. [ 5 ]. John Oliver Hand and Martha Wolff, Early Netherlandish Painting. Washington D. C. 1986. 216-218 How to cite Northern Renaissance Paper, Papers

Eminem Essay Example For Students

Eminem Essay Marshall Mathers, better known as Eminem, has had many achievements in his life, but life wasnt always good. Growing up in a poor trailer park in Warren Mich. He failed out of ninth grade, which led to him dropping out of high school. He tried to go back but couldnt do it, he just wanted to rap and to be a star one day. Over the years he freestyle in some local clubs and participated in some competitions. It wasnt until 1997 that he was recognized, he won the Wake Up Show Freestyle Performer of the Year from L.A. Djs Sway and Tech and earned second place in Rap Sheet magazines Rap Olympics, an annual freestyle rap competition. Then in 1998 he released The Slim Shady LP, his first known record. Slim Shady is the evil side of me, the sarcastic foul-mouthed side of me, Eminem says during and interview with the Source. In 2000 he released his second cd, The Marshall Mathers LP. Eminem has been known as one of the most provocative, controversial rappers in contemporary pop music. A lot of people think he can get away with this because he is the first legitimate white rapper. Im white in a music started by black people. Im not ignorant to the culture and Im not trying to take anything away from the culture, he said in his defense. But no one has a choice where they grew up or what color they are. If youre a kid or a ghetto kid you have no control over your circumstance. The only control you have is to get out of your situation or stay in it. There have been several attempts to keep Eminem from playing certain shows in his tour, because they think that his lyrics violate harassment categorically on the basis of sexual orientation and sex within the state or school. Dont take everything I say literally, Eminem said shortly after the albums debut, when furor over his lyrics mounted. I might say some things that are kinda left field, but that doesnt mean that every single thing I say, I mean. I may tend to push a lot of buttons and piss a lot of people off a lot of criti cs, and a lot of people who dont really know hip-hop. But thats, basically, what I came to do is upset that balance of everything thas normal, of everyday things that people are used to hearin. I admire Eminem because he doesnt let a few people get him down. His music is great, yes there might be some that are uncalled for but he has said not to take him seriously during interviews and even in a few of his songs. For people to get upset, especially parents, over some simple lyrics is ridiculous. If you dont like what he has to say then dont listen to him. There have been other artists who say things that people dont like but it never gets blown out of proportion like this. I think Eminem has great music, hes a very talented person, and I think he will be around for a while longer. I also think he has a lot of guts, he went out on a limb to get himself into a type of music that is known for by black people, and to bring with him such controversial lyrics. Eminem is not afraid to spea k his mind, no matter what it might be. And that is why I admire Eminem. Music

THE TREATY OF WAITANGI Essay Research Paper free essay sample

THE TREATY OF WAITANGI Essay, Research Paper Her Majesty Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sing with Her Royal Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and dying to protect their merely Rights and Property and to procure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary in effect of the great figure of Her Majesty # 8217 ; s Subjects who have already settled in New Zealand and the rapid extension of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in advancement to represent and name a functionary decently authorised to handle with the Natives of New Zealand for the acknowledgment of Her Majesty # 8217 ; s autonomous authorization over the whole or any portion of those islands # 8211 ; Her Majesty therefore being wishful to set up a settled signifier of Civil Government with a position to debar the immorality effects which must ensue from the absence of the necessary Laws and Institutions likewise to the native population and to Her topics has been gracefu lly pleased to authorise and to empower me William Hobson a Captain in Her Majesty # 8217 ; s Royal Navy Consul and I, Lieutenant Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be or hereafter shall be ceded to Her Majesty to ask for the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to agree in the undermentioned Articles and Conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on THE TREATY OF WAITANGI Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Article the first The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs who have non become members of the Confederation cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England perfectly and without reserve all the rights and powers of Sovereignty which the said Confederation of Individual Chiefs severally exercising or possess, or may be supposed to exert or to possess over their several Territories as the exclusive crowned head thereof. Article the 2nd Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and warrants to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the several households and persons thereof the full sole and undisturbed ownership of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other belongingss which they may jointly or separately possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their ownership ; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the single Chiefs output to Her Majesty the sole right of Preemption over such lands as the owners thereof may be disposed to estrange at such monetary values as may be agreed upon between the several Owners and individuals appointed by Her Majesty to handle with them in that behalf. Article the 3rd In consideration thereof Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and Privileges of British Subjects. [ signed ] W. Hobson Lieutenant Governor Now therefore We the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand being assembled in Congress at Victoria in Waitangi and We the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand claiming authorization over the Tribes and Territories which are specified after our several names, holding been made to the full to understand the Provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and significance thereof in informant of which we have attached our signatures or Markss at the topographic points and the day of the months severally specified Done at Waitangi this Sixth twenty-four hours of February in the twelvemonth of our Godhead one time thousand eight 100s and 40. The Chiefs of the Confederation [ This English pact text was signed at Waikato Heads in March or April 1840 and at Manukau harbour on 26 April. A sum of 39 heads signed. The text became the official version. ]

Free Essays on Music Of The Catholic Church

Roman Catholicism is one of the largest religions in the world, with over a billion adherents distributed all over the world. Catholicism's history began when followers of Judaism accepted Jesus Christ as not just a prophet, but as the Son of God and the Savior of the world. Roman Catholicism was reputedly started with the commissioning of the Apostle Peter. Catholicism, which means universal, received the adjective "Roman" due to the Church's geographical location in the Roman Empire. There are two central ideas to Roman Catholicism: the Church as a teaching authority, and the Church as a sacramental agent. The Church as a teaching authority means that the Church is the interpreting agent of the Bible. The Church as a sacramental agent means that the church institutes sacraments for its followers so that they can live more spiritually. Roman Catholics recognize the New Testament and the Old Testament. In addition to the holy days celebrated by most other Christians, Catholics observe a number of other holy days and saints days. Special masses, fasts, or feasts might observe these. The Church believes that the seven sacraments are needed to help Catholics live the kind of life Jesus would have wanted and these sacraments spiritually connect the great moments and needs of human life. These sacraments are baptism, penance, Holy Communion, confirmation, marriage, holy orders, and last rites. Coming to America in 1493, 12 priests accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage of exploration to spread the catholic religion. The missionaries who preached to the natives of the southeastern and southwestern portions of what is now the United States were mainly Spanish Franciscans, Dominicans, and Jesuits. Mass is a ritual that is worshiped by the Catholics. It is performed at least once a week and even daily. A good way to describe the Mass is to say that it is Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Easter Sunday made present tod... Free Essays on Music Of The Catholic Church Free Essays on Music Of The Catholic Church Roman Catholicism is one of the largest religions in the world, with over a billion adherents distributed all over the world. Catholicism's history began when followers of Judaism accepted Jesus Christ as not just a prophet, but as the Son of God and the Savior of the world. Roman Catholicism was reputedly started with the commissioning of the Apostle Peter. Catholicism, which means universal, received the adjective "Roman" due to the Church's geographical location in the Roman Empire. There are two central ideas to Roman Catholicism: the Church as a teaching authority, and the Church as a sacramental agent. The Church as a teaching authority means that the Church is the interpreting agent of the Bible. The Church as a sacramental agent means that the church institutes sacraments for its followers so that they can live more spiritually. Roman Catholics recognize the New Testament and the Old Testament. In addition to the holy days celebrated by most other Christians, Catholics observe a number of other holy days and saints days. Special masses, fasts, or feasts might observe these. The Church believes that the seven sacraments are needed to help Catholics live the kind of life Jesus would have wanted and these sacraments spiritually connect the great moments and needs of human life. These sacraments are baptism, penance, Holy Communion, confirmation, marriage, holy orders, and last rites. Coming to America in 1493, 12 priests accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage of exploration to spread the catholic religion. The missionaries who preached to the natives of the southeastern and southwestern portions of what is now the United States were mainly Spanish Franciscans, Dominicans, and Jesuits. Mass is a ritual that is worshiped by the Catholics. It is performed at least once a week and even daily. A good way to describe the Mass is to say that it is Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Easter Sunday made present tod...

Analysis of Oedipus Rex

Edepus' life has not been good start. His father, Lieus, heard the prophecy that Oedipus would someday kill his father and sleep with his mother. To prevent this, Leus killed Oedipus with a shepherd. Fortunately, through a series of events, the life of Edpsus was saved, and he even became the King of Thebes' glory. Nonetheless, Oedipus finally succeeded in making Laius 's first prophecy and inevitably making some decisions that sealed Oedipus' fate. Analysis of the analysis of the script of the Edps Dynasty The complete destiny of the Edi Dynasty was predicted by Prophet Theresius in the second act. - As Sophed noted in Oedipus Ricks, Destiny played an important role in Greek drama and literature Sophos plays in Russian golden age. He is one of the greatest playwrights in the history of Western literature. When he was in an important political position he was always a Greek, and he even even served as a pastor of delivering fine Amynos. The important acceptance history of Oedipus Rex began with Aristotle (384 BC to 322 BC) and opened up a history of literary formalism and structural analysis of poetry. Critically explain the two important foundations of the company. In a sense, it can be regarded as rarely being the first book of literary criticism, its significance for subsequent research of works in the form of popular entertainment, and festivals over performances being funded by the state I will. Literary criticism is the interpretation of literature. Let us discuss Sophocles' view of some important literary critics of the Oedipus dynasty. From these critics, Oedipus Rex learned to use stationery and structure to enhance its effect. He talked about drama performance. In Edepes, Messenger cheered me up on Edepes and removed the warning about my mother, but by revealing who he is, I created the opposite effect.When the hero realizes the truth , Edeps finally noticed that he murdered his father and married his mother.Finally, because Oedipus stabbed her in the eye and killed her mother killed herself Aristotle believes that these elements are completely related to logic.

They Say, I Say Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

They Say, I Say Homework - Assignment Example A critical and intellectual thinker deduces consequences and makes useful information from what is available. A critical thinker engaging in debates and conversations cannot be confused by what others are saying, but will instead lead to a cooperative reasoning and strengthen the argument (Graff & Birkenstein 3). It involves coming into terms with the views presented. Even though one is at peace with what is presented, fresh ideas or evidence are necessary. The new ideas makes one a valuable contributor in the conversation (Graff & Birkenstein 7). A Combination of both agree and disagree makes the participants in an argument go beyond just responding for the sake of doing it. They do so with detailed evidence and reasons (Graff & Birkenstein 9). By saying â€Å"entering a conversation†, the authors refer to joining an ongoing conversation. They explain one does it by first listening and internalizing the ongoing discussion before making a contribution. What one needs to pay close attention to are the views of the other participants. What they say forms the basis of any views to be made (Graff & Birkenstein 3). The conversation they are talking about is academic writing, for example, argumentative essay

Putting Action in Your Passion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Putting Action in Your Passion - Essay Example That is math. Math can also help us shop wisely like when we go to a grocery store attempting to budget our money to buy the right amount of stocks at the cheapest possible price. That is math. It comes in handy in computing what time we need to leave the house for work to avoid the hectic traffic jam and still manage to drop the kids in school. That is math. Like one writer said, "If we are well-versed in this language of numbers, it can help us make important decisions and perform everyday tasks."1 The "major disciplines within mathematics first arose out of the need to do calculations in commerce, to understand the relationships between numbers, to measure land, and to predict astronomical events."2 As part of the educational requirement, it is a fundamental study of all possible degrees. It has been included in all stages of learning including the time one is taught how to count one to ten. No one can go up the didactic ladder without passing Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry and Calculus. It is even made a major for courses such as Accountancy, Bachelor of Science Major in Math, Engineering, and all other related studies. With this being said, Mathematics is "the academic discipline, and its supporting body of knowledge, that involves the study of such concepts as quantity, structure, space and change."3 Looking at the usual profile of students in a Math class, most fall under the just-barely-making-it-to-pass benchmark. A few seems to show advancement in the subject, and hardly any turns out to be a genius. This is the common set-up that takes place, and everyday is a challenging day to keep the class alert the whole time. Like one would say, "just the sight of a complicated math equation, laden with exponents and square root signs and algebraic letters, inspires the same sort of revulsion as an antennae-waving critter scurrying along a baseboard."4 To create variety in learning, educators incorporate math games, quizzes, board exercises, group activities, and other similar events but the goal to perk up the attentiveness is still far from achieved. No matter what the experience, students go out of the classroom with the usual blank stares which say that the lesson is long forgotten. Discovering one's interest is an easy task. I'd say unearthing your desires is an easy task. What motivates you What makes you spend more time into doing something To an onlooker, observe the things that one excels in. It may be through actions or manifestations, or a simple spark in the eyes that would give away an idea of what it is, like looking at a child beaming with glee when he sees kites flying overhead. Oftentimes, this starts with having a hobby. Hobbies are leisure activities practiced with "interest and enjoyment."5 While some of these activities seem insignificant and unimportant to most people, for others they have found something "compelling and entertaining about them,"6 which, when mastered and perfected, might later on be a profession and a good

Search for My Tongue and Presents form My Aunts in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Search for My Tongue and Presents form My Aunts in Pakistan Essay In this essay I shall compare the ways in which each poem describes being part of two different cultures. The word culture is a religion or a belief you belong to or something shared by people. A culture can be a Somalian culture in which we like to eat rice however I am also a part of British culture which I like to eat fish and chips. In my opinion I think it is important to belong to a culture because it represents you and what you do in your life. If you are part of more than one culture you will have a clash. The moral of a Muslim culture says dont steal furthermore the school culture, kids may tell you to steal. We have been looking at these two poems exploring these themes. The first poem is Presents from My Aunts in Pakistan. This tells the story of a teenage girl who does not feel comfortable in the Pakistani clothes sent to her by her relatives but prefers wearing denim and corduroy, which are her everyday clothes in England. The second poem we have been investigating is Search for My Tongue. It examines about a young adult that forgot about her two tongues which means her two languages. The poet testify that she forgot her native tongue which is Guajarati and knows her foreign tongue on the other hand she feels uncomfortable talking at the same time using both languages. Although the poem is using the same metaphor, one talks about a young teenager who is confused in her own thoughts. The young teenager cannot decide whether she is more British or Pakistani. The other poem called Search debates about mother tongue and foreign tongue. A mother tongue is the language that you were born with alternatively a foreign tongue is a language that you learn by yourself. Even though the poems have many differences, theyre also equivalent because they both use a metaphor, which means when something is represents things we cannot see, hear, touch, taste and smell because they are abstract. An example would be a fire which symbolizes anger or exasperation. However, the metaphors are conflicting in each poem. In Presents from My Aunts in Pakistan it is clothes that show her identity and her culture; whilst in Search for My Tongue it is tongue which represents her language. I will introduce the poem by demonstrating how Moniza Alvi develops that idea that the young teenager is torn apart being half British and half Pakistani through her feelings about clothes. At first, the clothes from her aunts are brilliant; she describes the salwar kameez an exotic peacock blue. An example would be they sent me a salwar kameez peacock blue. In this quotation she is suggesting the peacock an exotic bird that has beauty and confidence which contrasts with her feelings. Blue suggests peace, which contrasts her inner conflict and her low self esteem. An example would be a fractured land. In this extract she is feeling another side of her identity she tries to imagine how it might have been if shed lived in Lahore instead, and wonders would she have been more or less at home or still feeling torn apart from two cultures which are the Pakistani culture and the British culture. However, the clothes can also hurt her, for example, candy stripped bangles snapped drew blood. In this quotation she is sensitive and fragile because it indicates her. The word blood suggests her cultural identity which is Pakistani culture. The word snapped specifies that she has been torn apart from two different cultures. The clothes make her feel awkward for example satin silken top was alien. In this extract the girl in Present feels that she is alien and alien implies she does not belong in this world. The word alienated is a use of oxymoron because alien and sitting room does not go together. The poet us oxymoron because you should feel at home when you are sitting in the sitting room however the girl in Presents she feels uncomfortable sitting in her living room wearing her Pakistani clothes. The clothes remind her that she is half-English, which makes her feel uncomfortable and at the same time, she says the clothes are radiant in the wardrobe. Even though she isnt wearing them, they seem full of light and beauty compared with her other things. She is drawn to the flourishing colours. The girl in Presents form My Aunts in Pakistan feels that she would be more relaxed in her everyday English clothes. An example would be I longed for denim and corduroy. In this quotation she is showing that she really likes the British clothes. Denim and corduroy symbolizes British clothes. They are dull and normal unlike beautiful satin silken clothes. This tells us that her Pakistani clothes which are stunning contrast with her lifeless British clothes which were bought from MS. As her English friend dont like her Pakistani clothes, for example, did not impress her school friend. In this extract the English people are shown not value Indian culture. The girl internalises this idea. Her English friend does not like the bright colours of Indian clothes she likes the dull English clothes. However, the girl in Presents admires the delicate way the clothes have been made. An example would be I admire the mirror work. In this extract she tries to see her identity in the Asian clothes drown to her beauty. It also shows her mixed feelings about her heritage; she loves it and hates it at the same time. The opening part of Search for My Tongue is that the girl feels like she is making you imagine having a voice. An example of this would be I have lost my tongue. In this extract the tongue represents her language she has lost part of herself. Tongue sounds more physical and more painful. This is similar to Presents because it connects to the candy stripped bangles she is sensitive and fragile which connects to Searchso both of the poems we can see that they are in pain. In Search for My tongue a powerful image shows the awkwardness of having two languages. An example would be two tongues in your mouth. In this quotation she feels awkward in her mouth. As two tongues are in her mouth she feels muddle up and confused as she cant talk English and Guajarati at the same time. This is similar to Presents because the girl feels that her clothes have clung to her. It connects with Search as both show awkwardness. Also, they both suggest that the main characters have to make a choice between two cultures. You cant have both. As the poet feels it is impossible to combine both languages. For example, you could not use them both together. In this extract she suggests having two tongues puzzle you. This is similar to Presents for the reason that the girl does not feel right with Pakistani clothes she likes wearing her dull every day clothes which are denim and corduroy. The poet sometimes feels she is losing her native language. An example would be I thought I spit it out. In this quotation she feels that she is rejecting her native language and she is feeling that she is losing it. In contrasts with Presents she does not feel comfortable wearing her Pakistani clothes. Both of the poems have similarities which they are both lost and dont know what culture they are from. The two poems are also different in their use of structure which means when something is laid out or it makes something clear. Sometimes, structure is hidden. It is important to understand the structure because the poet lays out the poem so it emphasis the poem. An example would be when the poet uses rhythm and rhyme. We notice that then the other normal rules. In Presents Form My Aunts in Pakistan, she uses symmetrical structure she does not follow a path she follows her thoughts and memories as the girl is confused. The poet shows the flow of her thoughts as how one memory triggers another. First of all the poet starts of talking about her salwar kameez. Then she goes of and talks about her mothers jewellery then she goes back to her birth place which triggers her thoughts about her real culture which is Pakistani culture.

Foucaults Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison Essay

Foucault is best remembered for his historical inquiries into the origins of â€Å"disciplinary† society in a period extending from the 16th to the 19th centuries. Today, however, under the conditions of global modernity, the relevance of his contribution is often called into question. With the increasing ubiquity of markets, the break up of centralized states and the dissolution of national boundaries, the world today seems far removed from the bounded, disciplinary societies Foucault described in his most famous books. Far from disciplinary, society today is â€Å"post panoptic,† as Nancy Fraser has argued — in a move which seems to confirm Jean Baudrillard’s demand that we â€Å"forget Foucault.† In order to answer the question, how Foucault’s theory of the disciplinary society can be used to understand the body in the society, I would like to begin this essay by returning to Foucault’s book – Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. This book deals with the disciplinary institutions and practices that emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While discipline and punish is concerned with the birth of the prison in modern Europe, it has far wider implications for the everyday lives of ordinary citizens. Notions such as micro-power, disciplinary institutions, panopticism and normative judgements. Foucault developed this material through the research methods he called archaeology and genealogy. Both methods work to uncover the discursive formations and practices of different historical periods, but genealogy has a greater focus on questions of power, and the ways in which discursive power works on bodies. Power shows itself on a subject’s body because various events or happenings are written on the human body- they shape th... ...n prison model disposed people to monitor themselves and others regarding the appropriateness or otherwise types of behaviour and body shape. Bibliography:- Chancer and Watkins. Gender, Race and Class. An Overview. (Blackwell Publishing) Toni Lester. Gender Nonconformity, Race and Sexuality. Charting the Connections. (The University of Wisconsin Press) Teresa de Lauretis. Technologies of Gender Essays on Theory, Film and Fiction (Palgrave Publication) Kennan Malik. The Meaning of race. (Palgrave Publication) Anne Cranny-Francis, Wendy Waring, Pam Stavropoulos, Joan Kirkby. Gender Studies. Terms and Debates. (Palgrave Publication) Penelope Ingram. The Signifying Body. (State University of New York Press) Mark Gibson. Culture and Power. (Berg Publication,New York) Colin Burnham. Race. B.T.Batsford LTD. London.

War on Words

Matt Professor: Book Review 4-2-13/ box WAR OF WORDS What is one thing that we all struggle with? What is one thing that is the hardest for some of us? Isn’t it how we use our words? Looking into this book War on Words by Paul Tripp was a truth taking book that gripped my understanding of words and exploded it with truth. This book from Tripp allowed me to look into the importance of words and how they affect you and me. In the beginning God spoke the earth into existence, now this might not sound big to some people, but if we think about it what other things could God have done in order to form humanity and Earth?Well I’m sure he could’ve done many other hand gestures and other things, but he decided that the formed ground on which we stand and the people that we see everyday are to be formed out of the words formed in the very mouth of God. When this was explained in the book I absolutely lost my ability to think and focused on this one thing that truly is impo rtant for us as Christians. If God had placed that into thought shouldn’t we understand that our mouth has so much more of significance than we think?In the beginning Tripp says first there were God’s words and then there were Satan’s words, and Tripp says that there is a difference between words that build up and words that destroy and how Satan is going to use truth but distort it and with his words he will deceive the world of men. God’s words were words of power and purity. This is the call that Tripp asks us to look into, and ask ourselves which ones are we? Then Tripp continues to hit us with the truth he then asks a simple question, he says â€Å"what should we take away from our consideration of communication in Genesis 1?First, our words belong to the Lord. He is the Great Speaker. The wonder, the significance, the glory of human communication has its roots in his glory and in his decision to let us talk with us and allow us to talk with him and others (pg. 15). † This is not just something that we should take for granted, but that it should be carefully scripted and formed to show others that our words are not of this world but that our words are conformation that the Lord allows us to communicate to others.The very words that the Lord used in the Garden to communicate to Adam and Eve were the very examples that we need to see, and I know that it sounds strange but the perfect beings that lacked nothing in their humanity still needed that lasting relationship with the Lord though words and feelings spoken through words. Then Tripp takes this interesting movement into what he really means by the war beneath the war of words he says, â€Å"The Word would not have come into our world if our struggle were primarily a struggle of flesh and blood,† (pg. 7) he then goes on to say that the problem is our words and an even deeper importance our heart. Tripp goes on to say that the words formed from our mouth are an ac tion of our heart and that we need to go even deeper into our war on words and look into our heart the one thing that the Lord is trying to change. Tripp says these changes can only take place when we ask for a true renewal of our heart through the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.When we realize that this war cannot be fought with our own mind but that the word of God and the living being of God need to be a major and only significant change in our minds and heart, this will change our words from unedifying to encouragement. In a world that uses their own encouragement because it edifies them, the Christian perspective has to be to edify God and not ourselves. In learning this Tripp says scriptures tells us that if we are going to see lasting change in our communication, we must start from within, as we deal with the idolatry of our hearts.

Radicalism of the American Revolution

Essay 1 â€Å"Radical†, a term generally defined by many as an event or action that fundamentally changes the political, cultural, and/or economic nature of a society. The American Revolution was a time of great change within the structure of society, greatly transforming certain parts of America, yet leaving other parts relatively unchanged over the course of the Revolutionary period. When asked whether or not I consider the Revolution to be â€Å"radical†, I can give no absolute yes or no response.Instead I will have to take more of a â€Å"grey area† approach to the question and say a bit of both yes and no, because although the revolution did change quite a bit, there were still areas it was unable to change. In my opinion, I would say the American Revolution was â€Å"radical†, but only to a point. Some of the most important changes that the Revolution did make in American society were focused heavily on expanding and redefining political freedom thro ughout the country, and establishing religious tolerance. One important way that the revolution did not change the American society was in social hierarchy.Prior to the American Revolution, politics consisted of many voting, but few actually holding any kind of political power, those who did have power not listening to voters, no parties, and few public political arguments. During the Revolution, however, many Americans had a much more powerful voice in politics. This newfound power was due to an ending of old governments and authority, and the fundamental â€Å"need to reinstitute legitimate governments†. Election campaigns also became very public arguments over what the government â€Å"should† be, this is very different than what the political scene was in post-Revolution Colonial America.Some of the most radical movements can be seen in the Revolution in Pennsylvania. In Pennsylvania, the pro-independence radical took control, abolishing such political offices as g overnor. The issue of voting rights was also a very contentious subject in politics. John Adams believed that the â€Å"common rabble† of men in the country had no â€Å"judgment of their own†, and the removal of a property qualification to vote would â€Å"confound and destroy all distinctions, and prostrate all ranks to one common level†.Pennsylvania, for one abolished the property qualification for voting, but retained the tax payment qualification, whereas other states did away with both. Prior to the Revolution, only a few colonies embraced religious tolerance, those being Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. Most of the colonies in the country still had established state churches. However, colonists began to regularly associate religious freedom with â€Å"liberty† and evangelicals particularly supported this movement towards religious liberty, having suffered much oppression, and believing that â€Å"government corrupted religion†.An assault on st ate churches developed with The Elites, a. k. a. , Founding Fathers agreeing that religion could be potentially dangerous when apart of government. This â€Å"Enlightened† religion argued that religion had often supported unjust governments. Most of them would have been Deists. Deism, a popular belief among elites in the 1700s, held belief in God, but that he was rarely and distantly involved in human affairs, and viewed many Christian beliefs as superstition.Thomas Jefferson in his Notes on Virginia, 1782 saying that â€Å"The whole history of these books is [the Gospels] is so defective and doubtful that it seems vain to attempt minute enquiry into it†. The Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom was a Virginia bill introduced by Thomas Jefferson in 1779. The bill eliminated religious requirements for voting and office-holding, eliminated government finance for religion, and barred the state from forcing participation in religion. One important way that the Revolutio n did not change the American Society was in social hierarchy.Although the American Revolution changed many things, it still left some unchanged, like the much higher sociopolitical power of the upper class aristocrats within the country. The social classes were arranged from highest to lowest as such: Upper class, merchants, tradesmen, farmers, working men, indentured servants, slaves, and finally Indians. Not much had changed since Colonial America with the wealthy upper class controlling much of everything from politics to religion. Slavery continued, women had no rights whatsoever, and the system was simply not open to all white men yet.Wealth always made a difference, as it usually does. They were the land owners, the voters, the senators and congressmen. Normal people couldn't be or do any of these things without having the money and success. In conclusion, the American Revolution, in my opinion, can be seen as partly â€Å"radical† and partly not. Similar to many other revolutions, it could not have changed every single thing overnight, and in fact, it did not. But there is no denying that, at least then, it did radically change things in the country, but also left some the same.

Capital Punishment Proponents and Opponents Arguements

Capital Punishment Proponents and Opponents Arguements Introduction Capital punishment is a judicial death punishment for people convicted of committing heinous crimes. The use of capital punishment all over the world varies from one country to another, although it is being removed gradually from the current constitutions of various countries because it is considered as an inhuman form of punishment. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Punishment: Proponents and Opponents Arguements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Capital punishment raises a lot of controversy world wide on whether to continue using it or not. If yes, what type of punishment and on what category of crimes? Proponents Proponents of capital punishment argue that, the only way to punish heinous criminals is by capital punishment because life imprisonment is not an effective way of punishing and warning potential criminals against committing terrible crimes. Hence, capital punishment is not only a puni shment to criminals but also a warning to prospective criminals from committing heinous crimes. Capital punishment supporters also argue that it is the cheapest way of eliminating horrific criminals from the society as compared to life imprisonment that needs tight security and much worry of possible escape of the criminal back into the society and repeat the same crimes. They also say that elimination of the criminals will stop them from haunting the families and friends of the victims. Proponents further argue that there are just and humane ways of executing capital punishment without torturing the criminal. Opponents The opponents of capital of capital punishment argue that it is not a just and humane way of punishing heinous criminals in the society because everybody has right to life. They also say that, since there is no standard definition of heinous crimes, there are high possibilities to execute innocent people or misuse execution in revenge to suite personal interests.Ad vertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another argument in opposition to capital punishment is the lack of a standard in judicial procedures worldwide in determining what constitutes heinous crimes and what form of capital punishment is acceptable. For instance, in the Middle Eastern countries, homosexuality and unfaithfulness of a woman to a spouse is considered as crimes punishable by stoning while in United States homosexuals and prostitutes have their rights protected. Discussion Capital punishment should be allowed in punishing heinous criminals so that they pay the price of their actions and further convey a strong warning to other potential criminals. However, several questions remain unanswered; what constitutes heinous crime? What strategies are used in convicting suspects? In addition, what is the form of capital punishment? The capital punishment simply implies death punishment, which means it is possible to arrest, convict, and execute innocent suspects for subjective reasons. There must be clear and standard definition of what constitutes heinous crimes or crimes that are punishable by death penalty. The judicial system must have structures of vetting innocent suspects and standard form of capital punishment applicable worldwide to avoid subjective and stereotype forms of punishment that are inhuman. Conclusion Capital punishment is the effective punishment to horrific criminals who are there to destroy our societies. Capital punishment does not only punish the criminal but also gives the right impression to fellow criminals or prospective criminal of the imminent punishment awaiting them. This warning will give them an opportunity to change their life styles while still free since they have no second chance to reform. Unlike life imprisonment where criminals finds the opportunity of reforming but remain ruthless while still free.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Punishment: Proponents and Opponents Arguements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The nature of general tortious liability comparing and contrasting to Essay

The nature of general tortious liability comparing and contrasting to contractual liability - Essay Example The paper tells that the similarity between general tortuous liability and contractual liability is that both give rise to actionable demands in a court of law, and both, if adequately proven, entitle the plaintiff to damages from the defendant. The main difference between general tortuous liability and contractual liability is that the latter is strictly voluntary, in that the parties by mutual consent, agree to bind themselves to certain obligations to each other, and be liable for damages in case of breach. These obligations are stipulated in a contract that shall be the law between the parties. For there to be a valid contract, there must be a meeting of the minds, i.e., an intent to create legal relations, an offer and acceptance, and mutual consideration and the parties must be capacitated to enter into the contract. One of the classical and enduring cases of contract law is the case of Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball EWCA Civ 1. In this case, a company had come out with an adve rtisement challenging readers to use Carbolic Smoke Ball to prevent Influenza. It said that if used according to instructions, the user would not be susceptible to Influenza anymore, and if he still contracted the disease, the company would pay him 100 pounds. When a claimant came out, the company refused to pay, saying that there was no intent to create legal relations. In finding against the company, the court held that a valid and legally enforceable contract existed. In a situation where a valid contract existed, breach of it would constitute contractual liability. For example, in a contract of the sale of apples of a certain quality, if an inferior quality was delivered, it can be said that a contractual liability is created. In contrast, tortuous liability does not attach by reason of contract, but because of a breach of a duty of care. It is quite possible that the defendant may not have been aware of the extent of his liability or may not even know the person to whom he is l iable, quite unlike parties to a contract who are all known to each other. To quote the seminal case of Donoghue v. Stevenson 1932] UKHL 100 (26 May 1932) " You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who then is my neighbour? The answer seems to be - persons who are so directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question." After Donoghue, the definition of what constitutes tortuous liability has been refined considerably and has crystallised into a three-way test: proximity (as held in the case of Donoghue), foreseeability, which means that the defendant should have been able to foresee the consequences of his or her actions (Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman and Others [1990] 2 AC 605.), and the test of â€Å"fair, just and reasonable†, recently upheld in the cas e of McFarlane and Another v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59. To demonstrate causation in tort law – i.e., to show that the loss caused to the claimant was a result of a breach of duty of care by the defendant – the most simple test is the â€Å"but for† test. But for the defendant’s actions, would the claimant have incurred the loss? This was elucidated first in the case of Barnett v. Chelsea & Kensington Hospital ([1969] 1 QB 428) where a doctor was not held liable for a patient’s death even if he did not examine the latter, because the patient would have died anyway with or without the ministrations of the doctor. However, it must be remembered that one incident can give rise to several claims, and a claimant can elect between a breach of contract claim or a negligence claim involving duty of care1. (Jones, 2000, page 379). Explain the nature of liability in negligence and the concept of vicarious liability (P8 & P9) The nature of

Bauhaus goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bauhaus goals - Essay Example Traditionally, it consumes sometimes and dedication for a craftsman to assumes control of his artistic skills. It further demands grace notably from heaven to facilitate the change of the work into art. Bauhaus was destined to create an existence of the proficiency amongst the students so as the achieve gesamtkunstwerk. For Bauhaus to achieve gesamtkunstwerk amongst its students, it would create or nurture a continuous and existent environment of creative imagination by facilitating eruption or genesis point of creativity. Creativity comes from within, but it must be nurtured and continuously watered to ensure the acquisition of competent and appreciated artwork. According to Gropius, an established difference between craftsmen and artists was should not border in the bounds of arrogance and class but only in the level of accomplished output level. He calls on the fraternity of Bauhaus to create a new group or guild of craftsmen basing on a clear and well outlined. The call creates r inging version on Bauhaus students to conceive and generate new construction of the prospect future that embraces a combination of architecture, painting and sculpture in an expounded single unity and that may rise in days to come for heaven. It creates a symbolic essence that merges up to form feature similar to those of a million workers assumed in the crystal symbol nature of a new faith base. The clear notation of the current craftsmanship emerges from the realization that future applications mainly entails mass production.